Website That Writes Papers for You

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Energy Efficiency Free Essays

There are various sources of energy available for use. However, energy is a limited and sparse resource that is not in abundance at all places. There is an ever rising need for more energy, but the energy supply and resources are limited. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Efficiency or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, people have to develop means that can enable them to survive with the small amount of energy that is available. The proper and sustainable use of energy is known as energy efficiency. Efficiency is attained through the adoption of diverse technological methods of energy preservation. Efficiency in energy use contributes to economic growth while at the same time contributing to environmental preservation. It also enhances competition and profitability. Efficient use of energy is aimed at reducing the amount of energy necessary in the production of good s and services. Research in all industries is driven towards improving production from industrial processes. These improvements occur in various ways and with different benefits. These improvements may lower capital costs, increase yields, reduce operational costs and reduce energy and resource use. This also brings a number of enhancements including increased yield, safe working conditions and lower maintenance costs-just to mention a few. Today’s world is very competitive, and a single effort that can put a competitor a head of another is very essential. Energy conservation and efficient use may make a big difference in production costs as well as in the pricing of produce and services. The difference in prices is what determines whether a business will be successful or not. Reducing energy consumption also increases production. There is a clear relationship between energy consumption and productivity. Energy conservation improves many sectors of any business organization. Firstly, energy conservation improves the capacity of any business organization to compete against fellow competitors. The ability to cheaply produce those results from energy conservation offers a company a competitive advantage over other fellow producers that may be operating on high production costs. Secondly, energy conservation helps in the saving of the environment; for example the use of fossil fuel and its extraction are both environmental degrading activities Therefore, any action taken towards their reduction is indeed a step towards environmental protection and conservation. Additionally, energy efficiency leads to the conservation of energy, because energy is saved for later use. Efficient use of energy also contributes to the reduction of waste within the environment. The use of most forms of energy produces some kind of waste into the environment. Examples of energy conservation may include insulation of heating systems in order to prevent heat loss and lead to the use of less cooling and heating energy. Reducing energy use results in financial saving and off sets additional costs incurred in the implementation of energy efficient technology. The reduction of energy use is important in solving the problem of industrial greenhouse gas emissions. In some nations energy efficiency reduces dependency on international sources, and as a result; it offers security to home industries. This offers a sense of national security as well as economic security, through the reduction of imports of energy as well as the reduction of dependency. How to cite Energy Efficiency, Papers

Australian Legal System

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Legal System. Answer: Plan Introduction: There is a quotation mentioned in the essay which is quoted by Allan Amanyire. This quote reveals that, there are lack of legal rules and democracy in the society which is an issue for all the people in the society. The people of the society may be rich-poor, educated- uneducated, employed-unemployed but everyone faces same problem if the proper legal rules and democracy is not maintained in the society. In this assignment the negative sides of the society is portrayed because in Australia there are lack of constitutional laws followed and because of that the economic stability of people is not maintained (Collins, 2014).There are some plans made to describe the assignment. They are description about equality law, description about Australian legal system, the inequality and scarcity of the society and the solutions which can be applied to solve the problems of the society by legal methods. Essay Body With the help of English common law tradition Australian legal system started progressing. Federal regulations of governments state that every country is democratic and the citizen of the countries have right to choose the government of the country through voting system under Human rights act. Under section 41 of constitution of Australia of Common Wealth the people of the country has legal right to choose president and ministers of the country, who can work for the sake of the county. As per Human Rights of Australia (1949), the people of the country have to live their life in a democratic nation where monopolistic views are not followed. There is certain rights of common man of the country. That freedom does not restrict people to convey their speech; to live a proper life with equality without discrimination; to vote; to get employment and to get all the facilities and enjoy rights of the country. The quotation in the question states that, Australian government is not following the democratic rules and making the country corrupted by indulging lots of discrimination between rich and poor, man and women and etc. For that reason, the rules of Equality act of 2010 are needed to be followed by the government and the citizen of the government. This act should be equal for rich or poor, employed or unemployed and educated or uneducated. Everyone should be same in the eye of the law (Collins, 2014). The common man suffers a lot because they become the victim of inequality. If democracy is not maintained in the society, then the citizen of the country loses their freedom and they are deprived by equality and political facilities (Humphreys, 2010). According to equality act, there should be no discrimination in terms of race, gender, age, sex, caste, creed, religion, class etc. These legal rules are not followed in Australia and that is the reason that people are in problem. They are v ictim of discrimination which is harming them. Even employment is also not available in the country because of lack of regulations. All these loopholes in the system is creating main problem to all the people in the society whether they are rich or poor. As the legal system of the country is improper, so the economic system and the corporation system are also lacking various resources. In this quote this things are tried to be mentioned. Several critics have criticized the legal and political system of Australia. It is said that, if there is lack of democracy in a country then people cannot lead a free life. If it is followed by the business perspectives that people cannot set up their corporate world and business because the rules of the business will not be followed properly in this type of country where proper rules and regulations are not followed. If any methods of business are not followed properly then the corporation system would not follow properly (Gleeson, 2000). So it is complicated to form vital business in a country where there is lack of following the rules and regulations. On the perspective of the quotes mention in the question many authors said several lines such as: John Maynard Keynes said, The market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent. Allan Amanyrire said, The rule of law bakes no bread, it is unable to distribute loaves or fishes, and it cannot protect itself against external assault, but it remains the most civilized and least burdensome conception of a state yet to be devised Both the quotations reveal the negative part of the rules of the law and democracy which is affecting the society in adverse way. People are in burden under uneconomic condition. There is lack of employment in the country because of less democracy. Business also cannot be flourished properly because the legal rules of business is not followed which is adversely affecting the merchants or business man in the country. According to Razz (2002) in a book A Basic Themes in Rule of Law Theory, there are some rules made by government, which should be followed by the citizen of the country. There are some general principles. Those principles are certainty, and according to this principle stable, open and clear autonomy should be given to individual in democratic way (Gustafson, 2001). There is another principle that is generality, and according to it control of conduct of several citizen of various classes and in this case the legal rules should be followed where non-particularised and impersonal law is necessary to be implied. The final principle is equality, according to this principle, the law should be subjected equally and it should be followed by all class peoples in the community. According to rule of law the democracy and freedom from interference should be given where human rights are not interfered (Raz, 2007). The liberties of the citizen should be saved and they should be treated with dignit y by giving respect and rights to the citizens by the government of Australia (Ohnesorge, 2007). There is the journal, Rule-book and Rights based Theories of Rule of Law, (2003). There are various rules and regulations described in the journal and particular formulation of rule of law is stated by Lon Fuller. The morality and law is discussed in the contradiction of law. Argument is done by HLA Hart and Joseph Razz that the concept of equality in sexual inequality, racial segregation and religious intolerance is incompatible which does not match which the concept of democracy following the legal rules. The standard of statues of law has failed here. Ronald Dworkin said there are some rights which are based on the rule of law which are demand of the citizens, where rights based theories are followed (Criddle, 2012). There is an integrity model made by Dworkin which is based on right based theory. According to the journal, the The Current Debate: Common Law Constitutionalism, (2009) argument was made on Anglo Australian legal tradition following the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy and Diceys constitutional theory gives vast description about the commercial law of the country which should be followed under legal rules and the theory but Allan argued that those theories are not conceptualised and human rights and democracies are not incorporated in the theories but only the legal rules of business and commerce is mentioned without any link to the federal system of the society. The rule of law is criticized because the main points and motives are clearly not mentioned in the principles (Shaw, 2003). According to Farrell and McAllister (2003), if the democracy is needed to be maintained in the constitution of Australia, then it is very necessary that modern and organized way is needed to be applied in the parliamentary system of the constitution where electronic voting system is needed to be followed and secret ballot system is also needed to be arranged. Democracy is very important in a society because if there is monopoly in a rule for a long time, then the single power will be enhanced and addressed and the loopholes of the other parts of the constitutional system create trouble, barriers and boundary for the ordinary people of the country. The democratic system changed on 2004, when various new parliamentary systems are organized and voting board of supervision started thorough which new rules are organized following the federal system of the common law of Australia. After the development of new applications in parliamentary system, various things are changed (Shaw, 2003). Po sitive changes are noticed; unemployment in the country is less now; poverty is also reduced and as per the quotation mentioned in the question, the tension and the issues of business formation and arrangement of commercial system in the country is also developed where different rules are stated and the needs of the citizens are heard and acts and rules of Australian legal system is motivated through the federal system. Conclusion This essay gives the ideas about the requirement of democracy in modern world because if the country follows the rules and regulations properly and democracy is maintained then the citizens can express their needs and their rights are also protected with the rule of law in Australian legislation system (Barber, 2006). There are various acts which are stated in terms of the quotation mentioned in the question. Various arguments, critical analysis and debates are also settled in the assignment which enriched the essence of the project with legal considerations followed properly. Bibliography: Collins, R. (2014). The Rule of Law and the Quest for Constitutional Substitutes in International Law. Nordic Journal of International Law, 83(2), pp.87-127. Criddle, E. and Fox-Decent, E. (2012). Human Rights, Emergencies, and the Rule of Law. Human Rights Quarterly, 34(1) Gleeson, M. (2000). The rule of law and the constitution. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books. Gustafson, B. (2001). Book Review: Colin James (ed.), Building the Constitution (Wellington: Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, 2000), pp. 448, $45. Political Science, 53(1) Humphreys, S. (2010). The Equality Act, 2010. Research Ethics, 6(3) Levine, S. (2004). Parliamentary Democracy in New Zealand. Parliamentary Affairs, 57(3), pp.646-665. Barber, N. W. (2006). Sovereignty Re-examined; the Courts, Parliament, and Statutes, Ronald Dworkin, Laws Empire Ohnesorge, J. (2007). The Rule of Law. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3(1), pp.99-114. Raz, J. (2007). The Identity of Legal Systems. California Law Review, 59(3), pp.795. Shaw, J. (2003). The Rule of Law And a Bill of Rights. AQ: Australian Quarterly, 75(5), p.10.

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Research Paper Example

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Paper Kayla Benware Professor Donnelly History 202 Research Paper Fall 2011 Women’s Suffrage Movement Impact on the United States Woman suffrage in the United States was achieved gradually through the 19th and early 20th Century. The women’s suffrage movement concluded in 1920 with a famous passage of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution which stated: â€Å"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. In the aftermath of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, which demanded the rights for women’s suffrage, most Americans rejected the movement because people did not want the United States system to change when it was already clearly working, women already had a solidified role and duty in local affairs, and because men and women were just simply viewed as having different abilities and capabilities in society. Although many Americans were against women’s s uffrage, the movement brought progress towards equality, related social and political reform, and led to many key events that positively allowed women to bring about social change. The first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Two days later, a Declaration of Sentiments was signed by 68 women and 32 men. This outlined all the injustices and allowed the women’s rights movement to begin. Twelve resolutions were adopted, calling for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. In 1850, the first national Women’s Rights Convention took place in Worcester, Massachusetts. More than 1,000 participants came and annual national conventions were held afterwards all the way through 1860. Some of the most influential women in history were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1869, they formed the National Woman Suffrage Association, with the goal to attain voting rights for women through an amendment to the Constitution. In Letters of a Nation, Elizabeth Cady Stanton writes a letter to Susan B. Anthony about editing their feminist newspaper, â€Å"The Revolution. † In this letter, Stanton writes how changing the name of â€Å"The Revolution† would be a mistake. Stanton quotes, â€Å"The establishing of woman on her rightful throne is the greatest revolution the world has ever known or ever will know. To bring it about is no child’s play. You and I have not forgotten the conflict of the last twenty-years- the ridicule, persecution, denunciation, detraction, the unmixed bitterness of our cup for the past two years, when even friends crucified us†. These gallant statements that Stanton writes proves how much the women’s suffrage movement needed to happen. Stanton is literally bitter about how they have been treated and will do anything to change the American ways for a more fair and equal future for women. Stanton comes off as an admiral, strong women in history, who believes that she can make a difference in everyone’s lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Indeed, Stanton is one of the many reasons why the women’s suffrage movement occurred, and all women everywhere have her to thank. Fifty-one years later, Anthony and Stanton are still friends working on â€Å"The Revolution† and trying to see their ultimate dream through- the right for women to vote. Unfortunately, they never lived to see this day, but another letter was found in Letters of a Nation, in which Anthony wrote a letter to Stanton about their journey through the women suffrage. Anthony describes that throughout all their hard work, they never once stopped being optimistic towards their battle for women’s suffrage. Even in fifty years, they accomplished a lot more than they could have hoped for, such as: women were able to get a college education, have business experience, and were fully able to speak in public now. Anthony continued to be optimistic throughout her letter and was certain that their influence and reign would be carried on to victory by future women. Anthony was indeed correct on this, as the women’s suffrage battle was ended about twenty years later and all women were granted the right to vote, among other sanctions and rights. Other influential women in women suffrage history, such as Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, formed the American Woman Suffrage Association in late 1869. This group’s goal was to continue Anthony’s and Stanton’s goal and gain voting rights for women through amendments to individual state constitutions. The territory of Wyoming was later the first to pass the women’s suffrage law; and women began to serve on juries there as early as the following year. By 1890, The National Women Suffrage Association and the American Women Suffrage Association merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSAA). This became the movement’s mainstream organization and NAWSA started state-by-state campaigns in order to obtain voting rights for women. Colorado was the first state to adopt an amendment granting the right to vote in 1893. Closely after, Utah, Idaho, Washington State, California, Oregon, Kansas, Arizona, Alaska, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New York, Michigan, South Dakota, and Oklahoma all adopted the amendment by 1918. Many other events followed suit, including The National Association of Colored Women in 1896, which brought together more than 100 black women’s clubs. Some famous activist leaders in the black women’s club movement were Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Julia Cooper. â€Å"Although woman suffrage meant different things to different African American women, most believed that the ballot was essential to the growth of democracy and to the advancement of human rights in the United States. † This belief was furthered by the late nineteenth century, where women suffrage rationale had grown to include the argument that African American women needed the vote in order to help uplift the Black race and to obtain their own rights. This just goes to explicate how important and influential the women’s suffrage was to history. The movement was necessary, as the white women leaders of the movement constructed the history and determined the path and the value of Black women to the movement. In 1903, the National Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) was established to advocate for improved wages and working conditions for women. Ten years later, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed a Congressional Union to work toward the passage of a federal amendment to give women the vote. The group was later renamed and better known as the National Women’s Party. Members of the National Women’s Party picketed the White House and protested in other forms in home of getting the vote. A few years later, Margaret Sanger opened the first U. S. birth-control clinic in Brooklyn, N. Y. However, ten days later, Sanger is arrested and the clinic is shut down. This is a big moment in women’s suffrage, as she eventually won support through the courts and opened another clinic in New York City in 1923. The early 20th century is a huge benchmark in women history, as the federal woman suffrage amendment, originally written by Susan B. Anthony forty-one years earlier, is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate in 1919. It was then sent to the states for ratification. A year later, the Women’s Bureau of the Department of Labor was formed to collect information about women in the workforce and to advocate good working conditions for women. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was signed into law by Secretary of State, Bainbridge Colby. Women were finally granted the right to vote, which would lead to inspire future generations of women to fight for equal rights. Not only did the women suffrage movement help future generations for equal rights, but the permanent war economy of the United States depended on the women’s suffrage and the corporation of the women at large. Women were the ones who went into the factories during the wars, which goes to show how women were just as capable and justified to have the same rights as men. This furthers the point that women deserved the right to vote. As a result of women’s presence in factories, the United States could build an even larger military structure with the men going to war and women staying at home and working. Women’s suffrage has had an enormous impact on society today. Since the early 20th century, women have only grown stronger and more involved in the United States government, politics, economics, and social world today. From running for president, to juggling successful careers, women prove that they can do more than cook in the kitchen and take care of their families. If it weren’t for women’s suffrage and all the battles that the US went through to get to the nineteenth amendment, we wouldn’t be as transformed and accomplished as we are today. From the progressive era to now, there have been many battles, wars, and events that have shaped the women and everyone else in our society today. Works Cited Campbell, Karen; Granberg, Ellen; McCammon, Holly; Mowery, Christine, â€Å"HowMovements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U. S. Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866-1919,† American Sociological Review, Vol. 6, No. 1, (Feb. , 2001): 49-70. Carroll, Andrew. Letters of a Nation. New York, NY: Kodansha America, Inc. , 1997. Daley, Caroline Nolan, Melanie. Suffrage Beyond. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994. Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998. [ 1 ]. Campbell, Karen; Granberg, Ellen; McCammon, Holly; Mowery, Chris tine, â€Å"HowMovements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U. S. Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866-1919,† American Sociological Review, Vol. 66, No. 1, (Feb. , 2001): 54. [ 2 ]. Campbell, 52 [ 3 ]. Campbell, 53 [ 4 ]. Campbell, 49. [ 5 ]. Campbell, 51 [ 6 ]. Campbell, 54 [ 7 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 8 ]. Campbell, 67 [ 9 ]. Carroll, Andrew. Letters of a Nation. New York, NY: Kodansha America, Inc. , 1997, 183 [ 10 ]. Carroll, 183 [ 11 ]. Carroll, 184 [ 12 ]. Carroll, 184 [ 13 ]. Carroll, 185 [ 14 ]. Carroll, 185 [ 15 ]. Carroll, 186 [ 16 ]. Campbell, 63 [ 17 ]. Campbell, 73 [ 18 ]. Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Indiana: Indiana University Press, (1998): 239. [ 19 ]. Daley, Caroline Nolan, Melanie. Suffrage Beyond. New York, NY: New York University Press, (1994): 56 [ 20 ]. Campbell,76 [ 21 ]. Campbell, 52 [ 22 ]. Terborg- Penn, 13 [ 23 ]. Terborg- Penn, 44 [ 24 ]. Terborg, Penn, 160 [ 25 ]. Terborg-Penn, 161 [ 26 ]. Daley, 51 [ 27 ]. Daley, 54 [ 28 ]. Campbell, 61 [ 29 ]. Campbell, 63 [ 30 ]. Campbell, 66 [ 31 ]. Campbell, 67 [ 32 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 33 ]. Campbell, 68 [ 34 ]. Campbell, 69 [ 35 ]. Campbell, 69

FGCU GPA, SAT and ACT Requirements for Admission

FGCU GPA, SAT and ACT Requirements for Admission FGCU GPA, SAT and ACT Graph Florida Gulf Coast University GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at Florida Gulf Coast University? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of FGSUs  Admissions Standards: Roughly two-thirds of all applicants to Florida Gulf Coast University will get in, and successful applicants tend to have grades and standardized test scores that are average or better. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of admitted students had high school averages in the B range or higher, combined SAT scores of about 1000 or better, and ACT composite scores of 20 or higher. Your chances of being admitted improve a bit if your numbers are above these bottom ranges.   Note that there are some red data points (rejected students) and yellow data points (waitlisted students) hidden behind the green and blue in the middle of the graph. Some students with grades and test scores that seemed to be on target for FGCU were rejected. Note also that some students were accepted with test scores and grades a bit below the norm. This is because FGCU admissions are not entirely numerical. The university wants to see that you have completed a strong college preparatory curriculum, and they will give extra weight to AP, IB, honors, and dual enrollment courses. And while the university does not use letters of recommendation or essays in the preliminary review of applications, holistic measures such as these may be employed for some students who dont meet other admissions requirements. To learn more about Florida Gulf Coast University, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: FGCU Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Articles Featuring Florida Gulf Coast University Florida Gulf Coast University Photo TourAtlantic Sun Conference

The Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith Essay

The Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith - Essay Example One of the essential ideas in â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† is the division of labour. According to Smith, the division of labour occurs due to the increase in production rather than any other factor. The division of labour, however, can only be beneficial if a nation has more industry in place. The book argues that agriculture does not produce a larger division of labour as compared to industry. According to Smith, the division of labor arises not from the innate wisdom of the masses, but due to a human tendency to barter. Smith, therefore, argues that the reasons for the specialization are due to the differences in natural talent rather than any other factor. The book also discusses the limitations of the division of labour and indicates that the division of labour is actually limited by the extent of the market. The overall limited opportunities in the market actually result into the lack of labour specialization. If a market can be expanded, the specialization of labour can further occur, and the society can benefit from more skilled workers. In 1778, Smith was appointed the Commissioner to the Customs. This experience sharpened his understanding of trading and of the manner how exchange actually took place between two parties. He designed and developed policies and methods to curb smuggling so that overall revenues could be increased. He remained single during his entire life and died in Edinburgh on July 19, 1790 (Smith, 1761 a). He was a ruthless advocate of individualism, and his interests ranged from natural theology, ethics, and jurisprudence, to economics, which may explain the cause as to why he wrote â€Å"The Theory of Moral Sentiments† (Smith, 1761 a). He denied self-love as a principle which could never be virtuous. He thought that sympathy and self-interest were complementary. He once expressed that it was not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that a worker could expect dinner, however, in fact, each ag ent worked in their own self-interest (Smith, 1761 a). He also discussed the concept of money and how various commodities were used as money. He reviewed the origins of money and how different nations actually used it in order to create a medium for exchange. He also speculated how metals were used as money and how nations actually invented new methods of developing money with the purpose of creating an exchange value. Further, he also discussed nominal prices for commodities as well as prices for labour. He also outlined how prices were actually determined and what were some of their components. Smith was in favour of labour and indicated that labour was the means by which an individual earned wages in a competitive market; a labourer must produce something others valued to earn (Smith, 1761 a). â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† reveals that nature and causes of the nation’s prosperity come from the increasing of the labour division to systematize its production (Smith, 17 61 a). Smith professed that individual would invest resources, e.g. land and labour, to earn the highest possible return of investment, but it must yield to the equal rate of return (Smith, 1977 b). For classical economists this was the core of Smith’s proposition of economic theory. Smith advocated equality of returns to explain the differences of salaries based on the knowledge, skills,

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Research paper - Essay Example They claim that consumers who have a traditional thanksgiving meal consisting of turkey increase the level of serotonin in their brain which reduces the chances of impulsive buying. In order to validate these claims 2 lab studies were conducted. The studies showed that participants who had had been given a tryptophan rich beverage preferred to buy the product through layaway financing than through credit card. Layaway financing allows the consumers’ time to actually consider whether the purchase is necessary and if they can afford it. The authors claim that this occurred due to increased amount of serotonin in the brain which is produced by a tryptophan rich diet. The authors claim that their research can make the consumers aware about the type of foods which should be consumed by them before going for shopping. This will reduce unnecessary purchases and reduce their credit card debts. The major critique of the article is the methodology which has been adopted by authors for their study. The study 1 was completely online and there was no way of verifying the authenticity of information. The participants were also asked whether they would like to by a DELL computer. The response provided online by the respondents may be completely different than how they actual react in the shop. Some of the participants may say they are very likely to buy the product as they didn’t have to actually spend the money at that time; others may have given guarded responses in the study. It has been well documented that answers given during a survey cannot be used to gauge the actual shopping responses. This puts a question mark over the validity of the study 1. Similar criticism can also be made regarding the leeway financing option which was given to consumers in the study 2.Although they may claim to go for leeway financing but consumers can behave differently on the shop floor under pressure from friends ,relatives ,shop owners, sales persons or even fellow